Tip 2 diyabet olan bireylerde aerobik ve kuvvetlendirme egzersiz kombinasyonunun kas gücü, denge ve uyku kalitesi üzerine etkisi

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic and strengthening exercise combination on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), muscle strength, balance, and sleep quality in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Material and Methods: Fifty individuals aged between 30 and 65 years and diagnosed with type 2 DM were included in this study. Anthropometric measurements, HbA1c, quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, balance, and sleep quality of the included individuals were evaluated. Aerobic and strengthening exercises were applied to the participants 3 days a week for 12 weeks. All evaluation measurements were repeated at the end of 12 weeks. Results: Of the 50 individuals included in this study and diagnosed with type 2 DM, 64% (n=32) were male and 36% (n=18) were female. The mean age of the participants was 50.12±10.81 years, the mean body mass index was 29.97±3.12 kg/m2, the waist/hip ratio was 0.91±0.08, and the mean HbA1c was 9.19±2.39. When the pre and post-treatment HbA1c, muscle strength, balance, and sleep quality measurements of all participants were compared, there were statistically significant differences (p<0.001). Conclusion: It was determined that the combination of long-term aerobic and strengthening exercise decreased the HbA1c value and also significantly improved muscle strength, balance, and sleep quality in individuals with type 2 DM. A structured exercise program that includes strengthening and aerobic exercises would be beneficial in developing the most effective and appropriate exercise prescriptions in terms of exercise efficiency and sustainability for individuals with type 2 DM.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, tip 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) tanısı olan bireylerde aerobik ve kuvvetlendirme egzersiz kombinasyonunun glikozile hemoglobin (HbA1c), kas kuvveti, denge ve uyku kalitesi üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya 30 ve 65 yaş arası ve tip 2 DM tanısı olan 50 birey dahil edildi. Dahil edilen bireylerin antropometrik ölçümleri, HbA1c, quadriseps ve hamstring kas gücü, denge ve uyku kalitesi değerlendirildi. Katılımcılara 12 hafta boyunca haftada 3 gün aerobik ve kuvvetlendirme egzersizleri uygulandı. Tüm değerlendirme ölçümleri 12 haftanın sonunda tekrar edildi. Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya dahil edilen ve tip 2 DM tanısı olan 50 bireyin %64'ü (n=32) erkek ve %36'sı (n=18) kadın idi. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 50,12±10,81 yıl, ortalama beden kitle indeksi 29,97±3,12 kg/m2 , bel/kalça oranı 0,91±0,08 ve ortalama HbA1c değeri 9,19±2,39 idi. Tüm katılımcıların tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrasındaki HbA1c, kas gücü, denge ve uyku kalitesi ölçümleri karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar vardı (p<0,001). Sonuç: Tip 2 DM olan bireylerde uzun süreli aerobik ve kuvvetlendirme egzersizi kombinasyonunun HbA1c değerini azalttığı ve ayrıca kas gücü, denge ve uyku kalitesini de önemli ölçüde iyileştirdiği belirlendi. Kuvvetlendirme ve aerobik egzersizleri içeren yapılandırılmış bir egzersiz programı, tip 2 diyabet olan bireyler için egzersiz etkinliği ve sürdürülebilirliği açısından en etkili ve uygun egzersiz reçetelerinin geliştirilmesinde faydalı olacaktır

The effect of leap motion controller based exergame therapy on hand function, cognitive function and quality of life in older adults. A randomised trial

Objective. To evaluate the effect of leap motion controller based exergame therapy (LMCBET) on hand function, cognitive function and quality of life (QoL) in older adults. Design. A parallel, double-blind trial with participants allocated (1:1) to one of two groups as the structured exercise (SE) and LMCBET. Setting. The study was conducted in “Barınyurt Nursing Home and Elderly Care Center” in Istanbul. Participants. Thirty-two older adults who had adequate hand function, ability to follow commands, 24 points or more in the mini mental state examination (MMSE) were included and 30 were analyzed. Interventions. SE Group performed a Structured Hand Exercise program while LMCBET group performed “ErgoActive’’ and “HandROM” exercise apps focusing on hand exercises and fine motor skills along 30-45 minute sessions, 2 days a week, over 8 weeks. Main outcome measures. Participants were evaluated with box and block test (BBT), Purdue Pegboard test (PPT), hand dynamometer, Duruöz hand index (DHI), stroop test (ST), digit span test (DST), and World Health Organization QoL instrument-older adults module (WHOQOL-OLD) at the beginning (T0), at 8 (T1), and 16 (T2) weeks after the study started. Results. There were significant differences in BBT, PPT, DHI, and WHOQOL-OLD in the SE group (p 0.05). Conclusions. SE and LMCBET were effective on hand function and QoL in healthy older adults.Nursing Home and Elderly Care Cente

The effect of exercises with cognitive task on cognitive functions, emotional status and quality of life on healthy young individuals

Amaç: Günümüzde artan teknolojiyle birlikte sağlıklı genç bireylerde, fiziksel aktivite düzeylerindeki azalmadan kaynaklı, kognitif durumlarında bozulma, duygu durumlarında değişiklikler ve yaşam kalitelerinde azalma görülmektedir. Kognitif görevle yapılan egzersizler bireylerin sağlık koşullarını iyileştirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı genç bireylerde kognitif görevle yapılan denge egzersizlerinin, kognitif durum, duygu durumu ve yaşam kalitesine etkilerini incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya dâhil edilme kriterlerini sağlayan 18-30 yaş aralığındaki 50 sağlıklı genç birey dâhil edildi. Bireyler randomize olarak kognitif görevli egzersiz (Grup 1) (n=25) ve sadece egzersiz (Grup 2) (n=25) grubuna ayrıldı. Bireylere günde 1 seans, haftada 3 gün olmak üzere 6 hafta boyunca egzersiz verildi. Grup 1’e aerobik egzersiz ve denge egzersizlerine ilaveten kognitif görev verildi. Grup 2’deki bireylere sadece aerobik egzersiz ve denge egzersizleri yaptırıldı. Bireyler uygulama öncesinde ve bitiminde kognitif durum (Stroop Testi, Sözel Akıcılık Testi, Sayı Menzili Testi), duygu durumu (Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği (DASÖ)) ve yaşam kalitesi (Kısa Form 36 (SF-36)) değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Egzersiz sonrası değerlendirmelerde Grup 1’de tüm kognitif testlerde ve SF-36 mental sağlık alt parametresinde, Grup 2’de tüm kognitif testlerde ve DASÖ depresyon alt parametresinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,05). Gruplar arası değerlendirmede kognitif testlerden sözel akıcılık testinde ve SF-36 mental sağlık alt parametresinde Grup 1 lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,05). Sonuç: Sağlıklı genç bireylerde, hem sadece egzersiz hem de kognitif görevle yapılan egzersizlerin kognitif fonksiyonlar üzerinde etkili olduğu görüldü. Kognitif görevle yapılan egzersizlerin sağlıklı genç bireylerin kognitif durum ve yaşam kaliteleri üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Uygulanan egzersizlerin sağlıklı genç bireylerde özellikle kognisyon ve duygu durumu üzerine etkisinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için, objektif nitelikteki çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu düşünülmektedir.Aim: Nowadays, with the increasing technology, there is a deterioration in cognitive states, changes in emotional states and a decrease in quality of life in healthy young individuals due to the decrease in physical activity levels. Exercises with cognitive tasks improve the health conditions of individuals. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of aerobic and balance exercises with the cognitive task on cognition, mood and quality of life in healthy young adults. Methods: Fifty healthy young adults between the aged 18-30 who meet the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Individuals were randomly divided into 2 groups as exercise with the cognitive tasks (Group 1) (n=25) and exercise only (Group 2) (n=25). Exercises were performed 1 session daily, 3 days a week over 6 weeks. Aerobic and balance exercises with the cognitive tasks were performed in Group 1. Only aerobic and balance exercises were performed in Group 2. Individuals were evaluated for cognition (Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Number Range Test), mood (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)) and quality of life (Short Form 36 (SF-36)) before and after the exercises. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in all cognitive tests and SF-36 mental health sub-parameter in Group 1 and in all cognitive tests and DASS depression sub-parameter in Group 2 within-group evaluations (p<0,05). Between-groups evaluations, it was found that a statistically significant difference in the Verbal Fluency Test and SF-36 mental health sub- parameter in favor of Group 1 (p<0,05). Conclusion: In healthy young adults, both exercises and exercises with the cognitive tasks were found to be effective on cognitive functions. It was concluded that aerobic and balance exercises with cognitive tasks are effective on healthy young adults' cognition and quality of life. It is thought that objective studies are needed in order to better understand the effects of exercises on cognition and mood in healthy young adults

Nörogelişimsel tedavinin serebral palsi’li çocuklarda fonksiyonellik ve kas ultrason parametrelerine etkisi

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neurodevelopmental therapy (NDT) for improving lower extremity functions, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), popliteal angle, medial gastrocnemius (GCM) muscle thickness (MT), and functionality of lower extremity on children with hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy (CP). Methods: Eighteen children with hemiparetic CP aged between 6-15 years were included in the study. Structured NDT (s-NDT) was applied 40 minutes per session, three times a week over 12 weeks. Children were evaluated with Gross Motor Function Measurement-88 (GMFM-88) for motor function level; with goniometer for ankle dorsiflexion ROM and popliteal angle; with ultrasound for medial GCM MT, and with ultrasound Lower Extremity Function Test (LEFT) for the functionality of lower extremity. Children were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: After the treatment, statistically significant differences were obtained in mean values of GMFM-88, ankle dorsiflexion ROM, medial GCM MT, and LEFT (p0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, it was observed that s-NDT might be effective on motor function level, ankle dorsiflexion, medial GCM MT, and lower extremity functionality in children with hemiparetic CP. These improvements will make significant positive contributions to the mobility of children.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; hemiparetik serebral palsi (SP)’li çocuklarda nörogelişimsel tedavinin (NGT) alt ekstremite fonksiyonları, ayak bileği dorsifleksiyon eklem hareket açıklığı (EHA), popliteal açı, medial gastroknemius (GCM) kas kalınlığı (MT) ve alt ekstremiye fonksiyonelliğini iyileştirmedeki etkinliğini değerlendirmekti. Yöntem: Çalışmaya yaşları 6-15 yıl aralığında on sekiz hemiparetik SP’li çocuk dahil edildi. Yapılandırılmış NGT haftada 3 seans, her seans 40 dakika olacak şekilde 12 hafta boyunca uygulandı. Çocukların motor fonksiyon seviyelerini değerlendirmek için Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Ölçütü-88 (KMFÖ-88), ayak bileği dorsifleksiyon açısı ve popliteal açının değerlendirmesi için universal gonyometre, medial gastroknemius kasının kalınlığı ölçmek için ultrasanografik ölçüm ve alt ekstremite fonksiyonlarını değerlendirmek için Alt Ekstremite Fonksiyon Testi (AEFT) kullanıldı. Sonuçlar: Tedavi sonrasında GMFM-88, ayak bileği dorsifleksiyon EHA, medial GCM MT ve AEFT değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı gelişme olduğu belirlendi (p0,05). Tartışma: Sonuç olarak, hemiparetik SP'li çocuklarda yapılandırılmış NGT'nin motor fonksiyon düzeyi, ayak bileği dorsifleksiyonu, medial GCM- MT değerleri ve alt ekstremite fonksiyonelliği üzerine olumlu etkileri olabileceği gözlendi. Elde edilen bu gelişmeler çocukların mobilitesine önemli pozitif katkılar sağlayacaktır

Effects of structured exercise program on severity of dizziness, kinesiophobia, balance, fatigue, quality of sleep, activities of daily living, and quality of life in bilateral vestibular hypofunction

BACKGROUND: A minimal number of studies have documented the impact of Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) on the recovery rate of patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of structured VR programs on severity of dizziness, kinesiophobia, balance, fatigue, quality of sleep, activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QoL) in subjects with chronic BVH. METHOD: Twenty-five participants diagnosed with BVH were included in the study. A structured VR program was applied in 50-minute sessions once a week and as a home exercise program 3 times a day over 8 weeks. Participants were evaluated for severity of dizziness with the visual analog scale, for kinesiophobia with the tampa scale of kinesiophobia, for balance with the Semitandem, tandem, and standing tests, for quality of sleep with the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, for ADL with the vestibular disorders activities of daily life, for QoL with dizziness handicap inventory and for fatigue with the fatigue severity scale at the baseline (T1), at 4th week (T2), 8th week (T3), and 20th week (T4) after study started. RESULTS: Significant difference in terms of Tandem Test and 1 Leg Stand Test was found in favor of T3-T4 Period (P < .05). There were significant improvements in terms of vestibular disorders activities of daily life, tampa scale of kinesiophobia, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and dizziness handicap inventory in favor of the T3 to T4 Period (P < .05). Significant difference in terms of visual analog scale was found in favor of T2 Period (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: A twelve-week structured VR program may enhance severity of dizziness, kinesiophobia, balance, quality of sleep, ADL and QoL in participants with chronic BVH

Comparison effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation and physical activity training on alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer Hastalığı (AH) kognitif fonksiyonlarda kademeli bir gerileme ile ilişkili nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Transkranyal Manyetik Stimülasyon (TMS) ve fiziksel aktivite (FA) eğitimi farmakolojik tedaviye ilaveten kullanılabilecek alternatif tedavi yöntemlerindendir. Çalışmamızda farmakolojik tedaviye ilaveten uygulanan iki tedavi yönteminin AH' deki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. AH tanılı 60 yaş ve üzeri 27 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi ve 3 gruba ayrıldı. TMS grubuna (n=10) bilateral Dorsolateral Prefrontal Korteks' e 2 hafta boyunca, haftada birbirini takip eden 5 gün, 20 Hz frekanslı tekrarlı TMS (rTMS) tedavisi uygulandı. FA grubuna (n=9) 2 hafta boyunca, haftada birbirini takip eden 5 gün, günde 50 dakika orta yoğunluklu aerobik egzersiz içeren fiziksel aktivite verildi. Kontrol grubuna (n=8) ise yalnızca farmakolojik tedavi uygulandı. Bireylerin tedavi öncesi ve sonrasında nöropsikiyatrik ve davranışsal durum, biliş, depresyon, denge, ağrı, fonksiyonel mobilite, fiziksel uygunluk, fiziksel aktivite seviyesi, günlük yaşam aktivitesi, yaşam kalitesi, demans düzeyi ve beyindeki fonksiyonel değişiklikleri değerlendirildi. TMS grubunda dikkat, yürütücü işlev, davranışsal durum, fiziksel aktivite seviyesi ve yaşam kalitesinde, FA grubunda denge ve fonksiyonel mobilitede, kontrol grubunda bellek ve davranışsal durumda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,05). FA' nın beyindeki fonksiyonel değişikliklerde bellek performansını etkilediği, rTMS tedavisinin ise Olağan Durum (DMN), Yürütücü Kontrol (ECN) ve Dorsal Dikkat Ağı (DAN) üzerinde etkili olduğu bulundu. Bulgularımız, AH' de alternatif gibi görünen terapötik yöntemlerin aslında kognitif ve davranışsal profilinin farklı alanları üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak bu bulgular, farmakolojik tedaviye ilaveten uygulanan yüksek frekanslı rTMS tedavisi ve FA eğitimini içeren "multimodal" terapötik yaklaşımın, hastalığa karşı en etkin tedavi olasılığını oluşturabileceği düşünülmektedir.Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with a gradual regression in cognitive function. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and physical activity (PA) training are alternative treatments that can be used in addition to pharmacological treatment. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of the two treatment modalities in addition to pharmacological treatment in AD. Twenty-seven patients aged 60 years and over with AD were included in the study and separated to 3 groups. In TMS group (n=10) 20 Hz repeated TMS (rTMS) treatment was applied to the bilateral Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex for consecutive 5 days a week for 2 weeks. In PA group (n=9) received moderate intensity of aerobic exercise for 50 min session, 5 consecutive days a week for 2 weeks. In control group (n=8) only pharmacological treatment was applied. Individuals were evaluated for neuropsychiatric and behavioral status, cognition, depression, balance, pain, functional mobility, physical fitness, physical activity level, daily life activity, quality of life, dementia level and functional changes before and after treatment. Statistically significant difference was found on attention, executive function, behavioral status, level of physical activity and quality of life in the TMS group; on balance and functional mobility in the PA group; on memory and behavioral status in the control group (p<0,05). We found that physical activity affected memory performance in functional changes in the brain and rTMS treatment was effective on Default Mode Network (DMN), Executive Control Network (ECN), and Dorsal Attention Network (DAN). In conclusion, our study has shown that high frequency rTMS treatment and physical activity training including moderate intensity aerobic exercise are effective alternative treatment in addition to pharmacological treatment methods in AD. In AD, detailed studies are needed to understand better the destruction of cognitive functions and functional changes in the brain. Our findings show that therapeutic methods that appear to be alternative in AD are in fact influenced by different areas of the cognitive and behavioral profile. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the "multimodal" therapeutic approach, including high frequency rTMS therapy and FA education, in addition to pharmacological treatment, may produce the most effective treatment against the disease

Trunk stabilization, body balance, body perception, and quality of life in professional physically disabled and able-bodied archers

Background Archery is defined as a static sport that requires postural control, upper body strength and balance ability to achieve high scores. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the trunk stabilization, body perception, and quality of life of professional physically disabled and able-bodied archers. Methods Twenty professional archers aged between 18 and 55 years were included in the study. The individuals were divided into two groups as physically disabled archers (n = 10) and able-bodied archers (n = 10). All athletes were evaluated with anthropometric measurements of upper extremity, normal range of motion (ROM) of shoulder, manual muscle strength of upper extremity, and endurance of trunk flexion and extension for trunk stabilization, with modified functional reach, lateral reach and bilateral reach tests for body balance, with Body Perception Scale (BPS) for body perception, and with Short Form 36 (SF-36) for quality of life. Results Statistically significant differences were found in all reach tests, physical role difficulties and physical function sub-scores of SF-36, and left horizontal adduction and right internal rotation ROM in favor of the able-bodied group. There was a statistically significant difference in arm circumference measurements in favor of the disabled group. No significant difference was there between the groups in endurance of trunk flexion and extension, and BPS. Conclusion In conclusion, it has been observed that the able-bodied archers have better body balance and quality of life than disabled archers and there is no difference between disabled and able-bodied athletes in terms of trunk stabilization and body perception

Comparison of efficacy of different rehabilitation approaches in individuals with knee osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common rheumatologic disease in the world, resulting primarily in progressive cartilage destruction. OA-induced changes are the main cause of disability and are mostly seen in the knee joint. Objectives: To investigate the effects of different rehabilitation practices on the range of motion, muscle strength, pain, physical function and quality of life in patients with knee OA. Methods: Thirty patients between the ages of 40-65 with knee OA were included in the study and divided into 3 groups. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), ultrasound, hotpack/coldpack and home exercise program were given to the 1. group (n=10) for 15 days. 2. group (n=10) received three doses of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) followed by home exercise program for 15 days. The control group (n=10) received only home exercise program for 15 days. All individuals were evaluated using ‘Goniometer’ for Range of Motion (ROM), ‘Manual Muscle Test’ for M. Quadriceps femoris muscle strength, ‘Visual Analogue Scale’ for pain, ‘The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis (WOMAC) Scale’ for physical function and ‘Short Form-12 Quality of Life Scale Mental (SF-12 - MC) and Physical Component (SF-12 - PC)’ for quality of life at baseline and end of treatment

Effect of exercises according to the circadian rhythm in type 2 diabetes: Parallel-group, single-blind, crossover study

Background and aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of structured exercise appropriate the circadian rhythm in terms of blood sample test (BST), functionality and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods and results: This was a parallel-group, single-blind, crossover study. Thirty individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 35-65 years were enrolled in the study and allocated into 2 groups as the Morning Chronotype (MC) Group (n = 15) and the Evening Chronotype (EC) Group (n = 15) using Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire which was used to determine the chronotypes. Participants were evaluated in terms of BST, functionality and QoL at the beginning of the study (T0), at 6 (T1), 12 (T2), and 18 (T3) weeks after the study started. A structured exercise program for 3 days a week over 6 weeks was applied in accordance with the chronotypes (T1-T2) and cross-controlled for the chronotypes (T2-T3). Significant differences were found in favor of the exercise given at the appropriate time for the chronotype in all parameters in both groups within groups (T0-T1-T2-T3) (p < 0.05). In the time*group interactions, exercise in accordance with the appropriate chronotype in both groups provided the highest statistical improvement in all parameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that structured exercise performed at the appropriate time for chronotype improves HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, HDL-LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol, functionality and quality of life in type 2 diabetes. This variation in blood values was observed to reflect the quantitative effects of exercise administered according to the circa-dian rhythm in individuals with type 2 diabetes

Comparison of the effects of Kinesio tape and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on hand extensors in children with cerebral palsy

Background/Aims Cerebral palsy is a lifelong condition resulting in weakness in the muscles, difficulty moving and excessive tension in the muscles of the arms and legs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding Kinesio taping and neuromuscular electrical stimulation to neurodevelopmental treatment on joint range of motion, muscle tone and functional ability in children with cerebral palsy. Methods A total of 30 children were included in the study. They were allocated to one of two groups: Kinesio taping (n=15) or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (n=15). The children in both groups received 20 sessions of twice-weekly neurodevelopmental treatment. Range of motion, Modified Ashworth Scale, Duruoz Hand Index, Manual Ability Classification System, Gross Motor Function Classification System, Minnesota Hand Skill Test and Jebsen Hand Function Test were assessed before and after the treatment programme. Results Statistically significant improvements (P<0.05) were found in all measures except Gross Motor Function Classification System in both groups. Significant between-group differences in left shoulder flexion, left shoulder abduction and unilateral Minnesota Hand Skill Test were found in favour of neuromuscular electrical stimulation; whereas significant improvement in left elbow flexion was found in favour of Kinesio taping. Conclusions The addition of Kinesio taping and neuromuscular electrical stimulation to neurodevelopmental treatment improved the joint range of motion and functional ability of children with cerebral palsy